
Vortigaunts possess their own native form of vocal communication which is referred to as Vortigese. Vortigaunts also tend to refer to characters by adding the definite article "the" before their name, such as "the Freeman" or "the Alyx Vance." Vortigaunts usually refer to themselves in the third person. However, their use of English is slightly strange, as they often use verbose sentence structures and cryptic phrasings. In Half-Life 2, Vortigaunts now demonstrate the ability to vocalize in human languages. In Half-Life: Alyx, they have rough skin, darker eyes, three fingers on each hand (as opposed to two in previous games), and three-toed feet (unlike the previous hoof-like appearance). They were given a smoother, shinier, and slug-like appearance in Episode Two. They have two noses on each side of their head visible as small tubes. They have a slightly hunched posture, and their faces are dominated by a large, single eye with a maroon sclera and a heterochromic red-yellow iris with a yellow pupil surrounded by five smaller eyes in the original game and only three in the sequel. Vortigaunts have mottled green-brown skin, sharp teeth, and clawed hands. This extra vestigial limb is a physical trait also found in other bipedal, sapient species from Xen, including the Alien Grunt and the Nihilanth.

In appearance, a Vortigaunt is roughly humanoid with two legs and two arms with an additional arm protruding from its chest.
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Throughout the series, they can often be seen in pairs or groups, and information is spread among them through low grade telepathy.

Vortigaunts are highly intelligent and social creatures.
